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Features Include
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Cognizin®: |
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CDP-Choline (citicoline, cytidine 5' diphosphocholine) 98% pure citicoline, a highly purified, endogenous, nucleic acid precursor to phosphatidylcholine, is an important nutrient for brain cell membrane integrity and fluidity. This highly bioavailable compound also converts to acetylcholine, a critical neurotransmitter essential for healthy cell-to-cell communication as well as for memory storage and recall.*
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Phosphatidylserine: |
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Clinical studies suggest that PS helps improve cognitive functions that decline with age, including memeory, learning, concentration and vocabulary skills.*
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Vinpocetine: |
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Increases blood supply to the brain, boosts ATP production and delivery of oxygen promoting healthy blood flow, glucose transport and healthy red blood cell function in the brain. These mechanisms help maintain optimal cognitive ability. Vinpocetine helps modulate sodium and calcium levels in nerve cells and exerts additional neuroprotective actions.*
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Ginko Biloba: |
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Supports cerebral microcirculation and helps prevent cellular damage. Ginko Biloba provides time-tested nutritional support, enhancing the flow of oxygen and blood to the brain and promoting healthy transmission of nerve impulses. It has the ability to support healthy capillaries and blood vessels, promote proper platelet function, and act as a free radical scavenger.*
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine: |
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One of the most effective nutrients used to enhance mental quickness. Studies suggest ALC can improve memory and learning, improve cerebral blood flow and elevate mood.*
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Taurine: |
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Taurine is considered an inhibitory amino acid, helping to modulate levels of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate in the brain. This provides neuroprotective action important for maintaining proper brain cell health.*
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Tyrosine: |
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L-Tyrosine is an amino acid naturally synthesized in the body. It is the precursor of the neurotransmitters l-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, supporting mood and mental clarity.*
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Recommendations
Helion Nutraceuticals recommends (for adults): 4 capsules daily, in divided doses.
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Four vegetable capsules contain:
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Citicoline cytidine 5' diphosphocholine |
500 mg |
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Phosphatidylserine |
300 mg |
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Vinpocetine |
60 mg |
Ginko Biloba
(50:1; 24% ginkoheterosides, 6% terpene lactones) |
200 mg |
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine |
500 mg |
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Taurine |
500 mg |
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L-Tyrosine |
500 mg |
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References
1Barrachina M, Dominguez I, Ambrosio S, Secades J, Lozano R, Ferrer I. Neuroprotective effect of citicoline in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J Neurol Sci. 2003 Nov 15;215(1-2):105-10.
2Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF, Dempsey RJ. Phospholipase A2, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation in transient cerebral ischemia. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2003 Oct;5(5):647-54.
3Spiers PA, Myers D, Hochanadel GS, Lieberman HR, Wurtman RJ. Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging. Arch Neurol. 1996 May;53(5):441-8.
4Babb SM, Wald LL, Cohen BM, Villafuerte RA, Gruber SA, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF. Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 May;161(3):248-54. Epub 2002 Mar 22.
5Alvarez XA, Mouzo R, Pichel V, Perez P, Laredo M, Fernandez-Novoa L, Corzo L, Zas R, Alcaraz M, Secades JJ, Lozano R, Cacabelos R. Doubleblind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999 Nov;21(9):633-44.
6Fridman EA, Ottaviano F, Fiol M, Javelier A, Perea JE, Ameriso SF. Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment. Rev Neurol. 2001 May 1-15; 32(9):818-21.
7Clark WM, Warach SJ, Pettigrew LC, Gammans RE, Sabounjian LA. A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group. Neurology. 1997 Sep;49(3):671-8.
8Bianchetti A, Rozzini R, Trabucchi M. Effects of acetyl-l-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease patients unresponsive to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19(4):350-3.
9Sershen H et al. Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on the dopaminergic system in aging brain. J Neurosci Res. 1991 Nov;30(3):555-9.
10El Idrissi A, Trenkner E. Growth factors and taurine protect against excitotoxicity by stabilizing calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism. J Neurosci. 1999 Nov 1;19(21):9459-68.
11Balestreri R, Fontana L, Asengo F. A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular senile cerebral dysfunction. J AM Geriatr Soc1987 May;35(5):425-30.
12Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991 Spring; 6(1): 31-43.
13Kanowski S, et al. Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia.Pharmacopsychiatry 1996 Mar;29(2):4756.
14Le Bars PL, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group. JAMA 1997 Oct 22; 278(16):1327-1332.
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